Direct & Indirect Speech.

 🔹 Direct Speech क्या है?

जब हम किसी के exact words (जैसे बोले थे) वैसे ही लिखते हैं।

इसमें quotation mark (" ") आता है।

📌 Example:

Rahul said, "I am happy."

(राहुल ने कहा, "मैं खुश हूँ।")


🔹 Indirect Speech क्या है?

जब हम किसी के बोले हुए शब्दों को अपने शब्दों में बताएँ, quotation mark नहीं होता और sentence बनता है।


📌 Example:

Rahul said that he was happy.

(राहुल ने कहा कि वह खुश था।)


📌 Important Rules


Change Direct Speech Indirect Speech

Comma + Quotes हटते हैं ," that

Pronoun बदलते हैं I → he/she We → they

Tense बदलता है Present → Past Past Perfect बन जाता है

Time Words बदलते हैं now→then, today→that day, tomorrow→next day 


📌 Tense Change Table


Direct (Present/Past) Indirect

am/is/are → was/were

do/does → did

have/has → had

will → would

can → could

may → might


📍 Examples with Hindi Meaning


1️⃣ Simple Present → Simple Past


🔹 Direct:

She said, "I like apples."

➡️ इंडायरेक्ट:

She said that she liked apples.

(उसने कहा कि उसे सेब पसंद हैं।)


2️⃣ Present Continuous → Past Continuous

🔹 Direct:

Ravi said, "I am working."

➡️ Indirect:

Ravi said that he was working.

(रवि ने कहा कि वह काम कर रहा था।)


3️⃣ Simple Past → Past Perfect

🔹 Direct:

He said, "I saw a lion."

➡️ Indirect:

He said that he had seen a lion.

(उसने कहा कि उसने एक शेर देखा था।)


4️⃣ Will → Would

🔹 Direct:

Mohan said, "I will help you."

➡️ Indirect:

Mohan said that he would help me.

(मोहन ने कहा कि वह मेरी मदद करेगा।)


5️⃣ Question Sentence (Reporting Verb → asked)

🔹 Direct:

Riya said, "Where are you going?"

➡️ Indirect:

Riya asked where I was going.

(रिया ने पूछा कि मैं कहाँ जा रहा था।)


6️⃣ Yes/No Questions (that नहीं आएगा, if/whether आएगा)

🔹 Direct:

He said, "Do you know me?"

➡️ Indirect:

He asked if I knew him.

(उसने पूछा कि क्या मैं उसे जानता हूँ।)


7️⃣ Command / Order / Request

🔹 Order

Direct:

The teacher said, "Sit down."

➡️ Indirect:

The teacher ordered me to sit down.

(शिक्षक ने मुझे बैठ जाने का आदेश दिया।)


🔹 Request

Direct:

He said, "Please help me."

➡️ Indirect:

He requested me to help him.

(उसने मुझसे मदद करने का अनुरोध किया।)


8️⃣ Advice / Suggestion

🔹 Direct:

Father said, "Work hard."

➡️ Indirect:

Father advised me to work hard.

(पिता ने मुझे कड़ी मेहनत करने की सलाह दी।)


📌 Reporting Verb Change


Direct Verb Indirect Verb बनता है


say to tell

ask         ask

request   requested

order       ordered

advise      advised

suggest    suggested


📌 Example:

He said to me, "You are a good boy."

➡️ He told me that I was a good boy.


📌  Summary Line


👉 Direct Speech में sentence original होता है।

👉 Indirect Speech में tense बदलता है, pronoun बदलता है और quotes हट जाते हैं।


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